The ports on a laptop allow it to connect to external equipment such as mice, keyboards and monitors. Below will be a breakdown of the relevant ports and what they are commonly used for:
2. Universal Audio port - Used to connect to audio devices such as headphones through an AUX cable
3. USB-A - Used to connect various external devices such as mice, keyboards, microphones and hard drives through a USB-A cable. The most common USB port variation and what is referred to when someone says "USB"
4. HDMI - Used to connect to digital displays or TVs through a HDMI cable
1&2. USB-C - Connects to similar devices as USB-A does but also allows for charging and connection to docking stations
3. USB-A - Same as above
4. MicroSD - Used to read data from a MicroSD card often found in cameras